材料:硫化铜
地球丰度[1]:好的晶体极其稀有
基本信息
- 在自然界中以矿物靛铜矿的形式存在 [1]
- 通常为靛蓝色块状金属材料[1]
- 1832 年发现 [1]
- 存在于铜矿床中 [1]
- 以意大利矿物学家 N. Covelli (1790-1829) 的名字命名 [2]
- 分子量= 95.61 gm [2]
物理特性 [1]:
Sub-Metallic |
|
Diaphaneity (Transparency): |
Opaque |
Color: |
Indigo-blue or darker, inclining towards blue-black, often iridescent with purplish, deep red, and brassy-yellow reflections. |
Streak: |
Shiny metallic, lead-grey to black |
Hardness (Mohs): |
1½ - 2 |
Hardness (Vickers): |
VHN100=128 - 138 kg/mm2 |
Hardness Data: |
Measured |
Tenacity: |
Flexible |
Cleavage: |
Perfect |
Fracture: |
Irregular/Uneven, Hackly |
Density (measured): |
4.6 - 4.76 g/cm3 |
Density (calculated): |
4.602 g/cm3 |
计算属性 [2]:
Electron Density: |
Bulk Density (Electron Density)=4.41 gm/cc |
Fermion Index: |
Fermion Index = 0.0025153223 |
Photoelectric: |
PECovellite = 31.55 barns/electron |
晶体结构 [1]:
Crystal System: |
Hexagonal |
Class (H-M): |
6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal |
Space Group: |
P63/mmc {P63/m 2/m 2/c} |
Cell Parameters: |
a = 3.7938Å, c = 16.341Å |
Ratio: |
a:c = 1 : 4.307 |
Unit Cell Volume: |
V 203.7 ų |
Z: |
6 |
Morphology: |
Hexagonal plates {001}, with pyramidal faces striated horizontally and hexagonal striations on the base. Common forms: {001}, {104}, {103}, {308}, {102}, {9/0/16}, {5.08}, {101} and {201}. Less common to rare: {1.0.16}, {1.0.12}, {3.0.32}, {108}, {106}, {3.0.16}, {105}, {205}, {203}, {304}, {15.0.16} and {908}. |
Twinning: |
None reported. |
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data [1]: |
|
光伏应用:
CuS 薄膜通过化学浴沉积在其他薄膜(例如 Sb2S3 [3] 和 SnS [4])之上。然后用氮气对薄膜进行热处理并用作吸收层[3]。
层状结构为:CuS、SnS、CdS、SnO2 [4] 和 Sb2S2-CuS、Sb2S3、CdS、TCO [3]
能带结构和载流子浓度
带隙 [5]: 1.55 eV
载流子浓度 [6]: +2.5×1021 cm-3
温度依赖性
显示 CuS 与 (E-Ef) (Ryd) 的态密度的图可在参考文献 7 中找到。
电气特性
电导率 [6]: 2×103 S cm-1
直流电阻 [8]: 7.5 × 103 Ω
电阻率 [8]: 2.67 Ω cm
电性能基本参数
CuS薄膜的电导率 [5]: 3.6 x 103 Ω-1 cm-1
霍尔迁移率 [6]: 7.24cm2 V-1 s-1
光学特性 [1] :
Type: |
Uniaxial (+) |
RI values: |
nω = 1.450 nε = 2.620 |
Maximum |
δ = 1.170 |
Surface Relief: |
Very High |
Type: |
Anisotropic |
Anisotropism: |
Strong |
Dispersion: |
Strong |
Pleochroism: |
Visible |
Comments: |
Deep blue to blue-white |
热性能
机械性能 [8]
耐刮擦性 [8]: 3 mN
参考:
[1] J. Ralph, I. Chau, mindat Available at: <http://mindat.org> (2012).
[2] WebMineral, “Covellite Mineral Data”, http://webmineral.com/data/Covellite.shtml#.UmK-dvlvNlJ
[3] http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.lib.utah.edu/science/article/pii/S0040609006016129
[4] http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.lib.utah.edu/science/article/pii/S004060900601604X
[5] http://iopscience.iop.org.ezproxy.lib.utah.edu/0268-1242/13/10/019/pdf/0268-1242_13_10_019.pdf
[6] http://scitation.aip.org.ezproxy.lib.utah.edu/content/aip/journal/apl/93/13/10.1063/1.2991441
[7] http://iopscience.iop.org.ezproxy.lib.utah.edu/0953-8984/4/50/034/pdf/0953-8984_4_50_034.pdf
[8] http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.lib.utah.edu/science/article/pii/S0025540810004046
主要由犹他大学本科生 Jeff Provost 和 Carina Hahn 与 Mike Scarpulla 教授合作开发。 Caitlin Arndt、Christian Robert、Katie Furse、Jash Sayani 和 Liz Lund 也做出了贡献。这项工作得到了美国国家科学基金会材料世界网络计划奖 1008302 的全力支持。这些页面是一项正在进行的工作,我们征求世界各地知识渊博的各方的意见,以获取更准确或更多的信息。请联系 [email protected] 提出此类建议。