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Instructions
Welcome
1. Introduction
2. Properties of Sunlight
3. Semiconductors & Junctions
4. Solar Cell Operation
5. Design of Silicon Cells
6. Manufacturing Si Cells
7. Modules and Arrays
8. Characterization
9. Material Properties
10. Batteries
11. Appendices
Korean Version PDF
Equations
Interactive Graphs
References

Air Mass Zenith

Sun Position - Air Mass Calculator

Angle from vertical, θ °

Air mass, AM: 1.1547 (units)

Equations Output:

Air Mass Zenith

$A M = \frac{1}{\cos (θ)}$

Read more about Air Mass Zenith

Christiana Honsberg
and Stuart Bowden

Instructions
Welcome
1. Introduction
2. Properties of Sunlight
3. Semiconductors & Junctions
4. Solar Cell Operation
5. Design of Silicon Cells
6. Manufacturing Si Cells
7. Modules and Arrays
8. Characterization
9. Material Properties
- General Properties of Silicon
- Optical Properties of Silicon
- Bi2S3
- CZTSSe Theory and Fabrication
- CdS
- CdSe
- CuInSe2
- CuO
- CuS
- FeS2
- Mg2Si
- MnS
- SnS
- TiS2
- ZnSe
10. Batteries
11. Appendices
Korean Version PDF
Equations
Interactive Graphs
References

Welcome Introduction