%0 Journal Article %J Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences %D 2012 %T From the Cover: Anomalously weak solar convection %A Hanasoge, S. M. %A Duvall, T. L. %A Sreenivasan, K. R. %X Convection in the solar interior is thought to comprise structures on a spectrum of scales. This conclusion emerges from phenomenological studies and numerical simulations, though neither covers the proper range of dynamical parameters of solar convection. Here, we analyze observations of the wavefield in the solar photosphere using techniques of time-distance helioseismology to image flows in the solar interior. We downsample and synthesize 900 billion wavefield observations to produce 3 billion cross-correlations, which we average and fit, measuring 5 million wave travel times. Using these travel times, we deduce the underlying flow systems and study their statistics to bound convective velocity magnitudes in the solar interior, as a function of depth and spherical-harmonic degree ℓ. Within the wavenumber band ℓ < 60, convective velocities are 20–100 times weaker than current theoretical estimates. This constraint suggests the prevalence of a different paradigm of turbulence from that predicted by existing models, prompting the question: what mechanism transports the heat flux of a solar luminosity outwards? Advection is dominated by Coriolis forces for wavenumbers ℓ < 60, with Rossby numbers smaller than approximately 10-2 at r/R⊙ = 0.96, suggesting that the Sun may be a much faster rotator than previously thought, and that large-scale convection may be quasi-geostrophic. The fact that isorotation contours in the Sun are not coaligned with the axis of rotation suggests the presence of a latitudinal entropy gradient. %B Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences %V 109 %P 11928 - 11932 %8 Dec-07-2013 %G eng %N 30 %! Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences %R 10.1073/pnas.1206570109 %0 Conference Paper %B 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference %D 2010 %T Gen III: Improved Performance at Lower Cost %A Peter J. Cousins %A David D. Smith %A Hsin-Chiao Luan %A Jane Manning %A Tim D. Dennis %A Ann Waldhaue %A Karen E. Wilson %A Gabriel Harley %A William P. Mulligan %B 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference %I IEEE %C Honolulu, Hawaii %G eng %0 Conference Proceedings %B 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference %D 2009 %T METAMORPHIC GaInP/GaInAs/Ge TRIPLE-JUNCTION SOLAR CELLS WITH > 41 % EFFICIENCY %A F. Dimroth %A W. Guter %A J. Schöne %A E. Welser %A M. Steiner %A E. Oliva %A A. Wekkeli %A G. Siefer %A S.P. Philipps %A A.W. Bett %B 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference %G eng %0 Conference Proceedings %B 22nd European Photovoltaic Specialist Conference %D 2007 %T Low Cost, High Volume Production of >22% Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells %A De Ceuster, D. %A P. Cousins %A D. Rose %A M. Cudzinovic %A W. Mulligan %B 22nd European Photovoltaic Specialist Conference %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells %D 1995 %T On some thermodynamic aspects of photovoltaic solar energy conversion %A Baruch, P. %A De Vos, A. %A Landsberg, P. T. %A J.E. Parrott %B Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells %V 36 %P 201-222 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications %D 1994 %T Attaining Thirty-Year Photovoltaic System Lifetime %A Durand, S. %B Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications %G eng %0 Conference Proceedings %B 22nd IEEE PV Specialists Conference %D 1991 %T Improvements in Silicon Solar Cell Performance %A Zhao, J. %A Wang A. %A Dai, X. %A Martin A Green %A Wenham, S.R. %B 22nd IEEE PV Specialists Conference %P 399-402 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 14th Annual Power Sources Conference %D 1960 %T High efficiency silicon solar cells %A B. Dale %A H.G. Rudenberg %B Proceedings of the 14th Annual Power Sources Conference %I U.S. Army Signal Research and Development Lab %P 22 %8 1960 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Proceedings of the Royal Society, London %D 1877 %T The Action of Light on Selenium %A Adams, W.G. %A Day, R.E. %B Proceedings of the Royal Society, London %V A25 %P 113 %G eng