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Instructions
Welcome
1. Introduction
2. Properties of Sunlight
3. Semiconductors & Junctions
4. Solar Cell Operation
5. Design of Silicon Cells
6. Manufacturing Si Cells
7. Modules and Arrays
8. Characterization
9. Material Properties
10. Batteries
11. Appendices
Korean Version PDF
Equations
Interactive Graphs
References
Four Point Probe Resistivity Calculator
Four Point Probe Resistivity Calculator
Voltage across inner probes,
V
=
Volts
Current in outer probes,
I
=
Wafer thickness,
W
=
Probe spacing,
s
=
Sheet resistivity,
ρ
square
=
Ω/square
Wafer resistivity,
ρ
=
Ω-cm
Resistivity corrected for thickness,
ρ
=
Ω-cm